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Peritoneal
Mesothelioma - Types of Mesothelioma
Peritoneal
Mesothelioma is when the abdominal
lining of the abdomen becomes cancerous
or malignant and could develop into
a full mesothelioma tumor. Take a
look at the diagram below to see the
abdominal lining, which is also known
as the Peritoneum (marked in blue).
The peritoneum is an insulator or
covering for all the organs that exist
in the abdomen. It is made up of 2
parts:
i) Visceral
peritoneum: Insulates the
internal organs of the abdomen and
comprises of most of the outer layer
of the intestinal tract.
ii) Parietal
peritoneum: Insulates the
abdominal cavity.
These 2 linings
of the peritoneum are designed to
secrete fluids that allow organs of
the body to move against one another.
An application of this is when the
intestines move food through the body
for digestion. Malignant abdominal
cells force overproduction of these
fluids thus causing fluid build up
in the abdominal cavity. This fluid
build up can result in enlargement
of the heart and full exposure to
mesothelioma.
There are about
200 - 500 cases of peritoneal mesothelioma
each year, making it a very rare disease.
Furthermore, peritoneal mesothelioma
measures at about 20 - 30% of all
mesothelioma cases in any given year.
Approximately 54.7% of all the diagnoses
are males and the rest are females.
The median age when peritoneal mesothelioma
develops is 65 - 69 years.
Symptoms of Peritoneal
Mesothelioma
Some symptoms of
peritoneal mesothelioma include abdominal
pain, abdominal mass, build up of
fluid in the abdomen (ascites), fatique,
anemia, digestion disorders, weight
loss, fevers, etc. Usually these symptoms
last for 2-3 months before a full
diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma
is discovered. Infact, peritoneal
mesothelioma is incidentally found
when the patient seeks help from other
disorders in the gall bladder, pelvic
mass or hernia.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of peritoneal
mesothelioma is very difficult. A
Computed Tomography (CT) can help
differentiate between the 2 clinical
types of peritoneal mesothelioma;
wet or dry. In the dry type, there
are usually no ascites (fluid in the
abdomen) and the CT scan will only
reveal multiple small masses. In the
wet type, there usually is ascites
and a CT scan will reveal small masses
of peritoneal mesothelioma.
What Causes Peritoneal
Mesothelioma?
Medical doctors
believe that peritoneal mesothelioma
can occur in 2 ways:
i) When asbestos
fibers are ingested (taken) into the
body and penetrate into the intestinal
tract. Thereafter, the asbestos fibers
may make their way into the peritoneum
or the peritoneal cavity thus making
the abdomen cells malignant or cancerous.
ii) When asbestos
fibers are inhaled or breathed in
and transported through the lymph
node system to the peritoneal cavity.
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